What are Natural Resources?

   

  Nature resources are the free gift of nature. Examples
are Land, water, forest, wildlife, sun light, atmosphere, mineral resources e.g.
crude oil, gold, diamond e.t.c.

·       
Land: Is the solid surface of Earth that
is not permanently covered by water.

·       
Water

·       
mineral resources

Nature Resources divided into two types:

·       
Abiotic:
These are resources that come from non-living, non-organic material.

·       
Biotic:
These resources that are obtained from the living and organic material), such
as forest and animal, and the materials that can be obtained from them.

WAYS
OF CONSERVING FOREST

1.     By
planting tree and encouraging people to do the same.

2.     Establishment
of forest resources e.g. Omo forest, reserve in ogun state.

3.     Supoba
forest reserve in Edo state.

4.     Zamfara
forest reserve in sokoto.

5.     Discourage
indiscriminate falling of trees.

6.     Avoid
bush burning.

7.     Only
mature trees can be cut down.

METHOD
OF CONSERVING LAND

1.     Land
can be conserved by checking erosion of either water or wing e.g construction
of good drainage.

2.     Plant
cover crop.

3.     Avoid
over grazing of land by animals.

4.     Planting
of trees.

5.     Avoid
land pollution with either refuse or sewage.

METH
OD OF CONSERVING WILD LIFE

1.     By
avoiding hunting to kill the animals.

2.     Avoid
bush burning to check either emigration of the animal or either death.

3.     Establishment
of game reserve e.g. yankari, game reserve in Bauchi State.

4.     By
fencing the area to avoid enrolment of either people or their animal that can
destroy the wild life.

MEHOD
OF CONSERVING WATER

1.     Tap
should be stopped or closed after fetching water.

2.     Broken
pipes (Natural pipe) should be replaced to avoid wasting of water.

3.     Store
water in storage tank.

METHOD
OF CONSERVING MINERAL RESOURCES

1.     Only
the expert should be allowed to mine.

2.     There
should be fixed quantity to be mine at a time.

3.     There
should be fixed price or price regulation agencies

Agencies responsible for
conservation

The
federal and state government make conservation law and established conservation
agencies e.g. forest guards forest reserve, game reserve, the local government
also make conservation by laws, regulation and enfore them the ministry of
Agriculture and nature resources is responsible for conservation within the
ministry. There are responsible for conservation of forest animals soils and
water.

BENEFITS
OF CONSERVATION

1.     Conservation
ensures a wise and a planned use of mineral resources that are continuously
available.

2.     Conservation
of forest provide timer for making of wooden furniture.

3.     Conservation
of water protects aquatic life make water safe for drinking for domestic or
industrial uses.

4.     Conservation
of soil maintains the fertilizer of soil and prevents erosion.

5.     Ensure
continuous availability for a long time.

6.     Conservation
of wild life ensure their available.

WATER

     

     Water is the major component of all living things.
It is very essential for the existence of plants and animal, it is made up of
two (2) elements which is, “hydrogen and oxygen” with the formula “H₂₀” (water) has no energy
values. In pure of form it is colourless, odourless and tasteless. It is about
two thirds of the body weight.

Function of water

1.     Water
as a good solvent serves as the medium for various biochemical reactions in the
body.

2.     It
serves as the medium for transportation of substances from one part of the body
to another.

3.     Aid
the digestion of food and absorption of nutrient in the body.

4.     Keep
the living of the membrance of the organs moist and hence reduce fiction.

5.     Regulate
body temperature.

6.     Assist
in the excretion of water production from the body.

7.     Quenches
thirst.

EGG

   Eggs are produced by domesticated bird such as
chicken, turkey, duck, goose, guinea fowl, e.t.c. the hen’s egg of average size
weight approximately 56g. They are
covered with a productive shell which can either be white or brown in colour.
The colour is unrelated to food value and quality of egg.

The
structure of an Egg

1.     Eggs
are spherical in shape with one and pointed and the other blunt.

2.     Immediately
beneath the eggs shell inner membrane which separate of the blunt end of the eggs
forming what is known as air space.

3.     At
the centre is the egg yolk.

4.     Challeza
are two cord like structure that held the egg yolk in position.

5.     Viteline
membrane is a membrane that covers the egg yolk.

6.     Immediately
after the viteline membrane is the thick egg white.

Food Value of 
Egg

1.     Protein:
The protein of eggs as a whole is of good biological value and is easily
digested. Eggs can be used to replace meat, fish and poultry in diet.

2.     Vitamins:
Eggs contain vitamin A, D, and the B complex.

3.     Mineral
salt: Eggs are rich in minerals like Iron, sulphur, phosphorus and calcium.

4.     Water:
Eggs contains a responsible amount of water. Egg York – 51% eggs while 87%.

5.     Fat:
Egg yolk contains fat.

Note: Egg does not contain carbohydrates.  

METHOD OF COOKING EGGS

1.     BOILING

2.     POACHING

3.     SCRAMBLING

4.     FRYING

EGG DISHES

·       
SCOTCH EGGs

·       
Egg custard

·       
Poached egg

·       
Eggs savce

·       
Fried egg cakes with cheese sauce

·       
E.t.c

USES OF EGGS

1.     As
a binding medium e.g. fish, cakes, yam balls e.t.c

2.     As
a raising agent in cake baking.

3.     For
coating food for frying e.g. fish, yam balls.

4.     For
glazing pastry, bread dough, biscuits e.t.c for baking.

5.     Eggs
are valuable in the diet especially in that of growing children because they
are rich in nourishment and are easily digested.

6.     Eggs
are used to increases food value and to improve the flavour of foods to which
eggs are added e.g. doughnut, pancake e.t.c

FACTS ABOUT MINERAL RESOURCES IN NIGERIA

   

 Nigeria is a country that is blessed with abundant
mineral resources. One of the major sources of income for the country is the
availability of natural resources like petroleum and others.

Mineral resources are mostly found in the earth
crust in such quality, quantity and form that can be considered, there are
materials of economic interest. Mineral resources in Nigeria are to be used for
the development of a country and also to boost the economy. Many of us do not
even know some of the natural/mineral resources Nigeria has. The country has
resources like the petroleum, tin, limestone, coal and many others. Below is
the list of Mineral and Natural Resources in Nigeria and the States that they
can be found

Note this list does not consist of everything that
can be found in each state just the major resources.

STATES                                 RESOURCES

ABUJA                        

–
Marble

– Clay

–
Tantalite

–
Cassiterite

– Gold (partially
investigated)

–
Lead /Zinc (Traces)

–
Dolomite

ABIA
STATE

–
Gold

– Salt

–
Limestone

–
Lead/Zinc

-Crude
Oil

ADAMAWA
STATE

–
Kaolin

–
Bentonite

–
Gypsum

–
Magnesite

AKWA
IBOM STATE

– Lead / Zinc

–
Clay

–
Limestone

–
Uranium (Traced)

–
Salt

–
Lignite (Traced)

ANAMBRA
STATE

–
Lead/Zinck

–
Clay

–
Limestone

–
Iron-Ore

–
Lignite (Partially investigated)

–
Salt

–
Glass-Sand

–
Phosphate

–
Gypsum

-Crude
Oil

BAYELSA
STATE

–
Clay

–
Limestone

–
Gypsum (partially investigated)

–
Uranium (partially investigated)

–
Manganese

–
Lignite

–
Lead/Zinc (Traces)

BAUCHI
STATE

–
Amethyst (violet)

–
Gypsum

–
Lead/Zinc (Traces)

–
Uranium (partially investigated)

BENUE
STATE

–
Lead/Zinc

–
Limestone

–
Iron-Ore

–
Coal

–
Clay

–
Marble

–
Salt

–
Barytes (traces)

–
Gemstones

–
Gypsum

BORNO
STATE

–
Diatomite

–
Clay

–
Limestone

–
Hydro-carbon (oil and gas) Partially investigated) cool

–
Gypsum

–
Kaolin

–
Bentonite

CROSS
RIVER STATE

–
Limestone

–
Uranium

–
Manganese

–
Lignite

–
Lead/Zinc

–
Salt

-Crude
Oil

DELTA
STATE

–
Marble

–
Glass Sand

–
Gypsum

–
Lignite

–
Iron-Ore

–
Kaolin

EBONYI
STATE

–
Lead

–
Gold shocked

–
Salt

EDO
STATE

–
Marble

–
Lignite

–
Clay

–
Limestone

–
Iron Ore

–
Gypsum

–
Glass-sand

–
Gold

–
Dolomite Phosphate

–
Bitumen

-Crude
Oil

EKITI
STATE

–
Kaolin

–
Feldspar

–
Tatium

–
Granite

–
Syenite

ENUGU
STATE

–
Coal

–
Limestone

–
Lead/Zinc

GOMBE
STATE

–
Gemstone

–
Gypsum

IMO
STATE

–
Lead/Zinc

–
Limestone

–
Lignite

–
Phosphate

–
Marcasite

–
Gypsum

–
Salt

-Crude
Oil

JIGAWAA
STATE

–
Butytes

KADUNA
STATE

–
Sapphire

–
Kaoline

–
Gold

–
Clay

–
Serpentinite

–
Asbestos

–
Amethyst

–
Kyanite

–
Graphite (partially investigated)

–
Selenite

–
Mica (Traces)

–
Aquamarine

–
Ruby

–
Rock Crystal

–
Topaz

–
Flopper

–
Tourmaline

–
Gemstone

–
Tentalime

KANO
STATE

–
Prrochinre

–
Cassiterite

–
Copper

–
Glass – Sand

–
Gemstone

–
Lead/Zinc

–
Tantalite

KATSINA
STATE

–
Kaolin

–
Marble

–
Salt

KEBBI
STATE

–
Gold

KOGI
STATE

–
Iron-Ore

–
Kaolin

–
Gypsum

–
Feldspar

–
Goal

–
Marble

–
Dolomite

–
Talc

–
Tantalite

KWARA
STATE

–
Gold

–
Marble

–
Iron-Ore

–
Cassiterite

–
Columbite

–
Tantalite

–
Feldspar (Traces)

–
Mica (Traces)

LAGOS
STATE

–
Glass-sand

–
Clay

–
Bitumen

–
Crude Oil

NASARAWA
STATE

–
Beryl (Emerald)

–
Aquamarine and

–
Heliodor)

–
Dolomite/Marble

–
Sapphire

–
Tourmaline

–
Quartz- Amethyst (Topaz, gamet)

–
Zircon

–
Tantalite

–
Cassiterite

–
Columbite

–
Lamanite

–
Galena

–
Iron-Ore

–
Barytes

–
Feldspar

–
Limestone

–
Mica

–
Cooking coal

–
Talc

–
Cay

–
Salt

–
Chalcopyrite

NIGER
STATE

–
Gold

–
Talc

–
Lead/Zinc

OGUN
STATE

–
Phosphate

–
Clay

–
Feldspar (traces)

–
Kaolin

–
Limestone

–
Gemstone

–
Bitumen

ONDO
STATE

–
Bitumen

–
Kaolin

–
Gemstone

–
Gypsum

–
Feldspar

–
Granite

–
Clay

–
Glass-sand

–
Dimension stones

–
Limestone

–
Coal

-Crude
Oil

OSUN
STATE

–
Gikd

–
Talc

–
Tourmaline

–
Tourmaline

–
Columbite

–
Granite

OYO
STATE

–
Kaoline

–
Marble

–
Clay

–
Sillimanite

–
Talc

–
Gold

–
Cassiterite

–
Aqua Marine

–
Dolomite

–
Gemstone

–
Tantalite

PLATEAU
STATE

–
Emerald

–
Tin

–
Marble

–
Granite

–
Tantalite/columbite

–
Lead/Zinc

–
Barytes

–
Iron-Ore

–
Kaolin

–
Belonite

–
Cassiterite

–
Pyrochlore

–
Clay

–
Coal

–
Wolfram

–
Salt

–
Bismuth

–
Fluoride

–
Molybdenite

–
Gemstone

–
Bauxite

RIVER
STATE

–
Glass-sand

–
Clay

–
Marble

–
Lignite (traces)

-Crude
Oil

SOKOTO
STATE

Kaolin

–
Gold

=
Limestone

–
Phosphate

–
Gypsum

–
silica-sand

–
Clay

–
Laterite

–
Potash

–
Flakes

–
Granite

–
Gold

–
Salt

TARABA
STATE

–
Kaolin

–
Lead/Zinc

YOBE
STATE

–
Tintomite

–
Soda Ash (partially Investigated)

ZAMFARA
STATE

–
Goal

–
Cotton

–
Gold

DATA
OF MINERAL RESOURCES IN STATE/NIGERIA.

Below are some top facts about the mineral resources
found in Nigeria.

1. Petroleum
& Gas: Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) is the Oil
Corporation through which the federal government of Nigeria regulates and
participates in the country’s petroleum industry. Petroleum and nature gas goes
hand in hand, which is the main source of the Nigerian economy is said to be
first founded in Oloibiri in Bayelsa
state, this was in the year 1959.
2.5million barrels of crude oil are produced daily while the gas reserves are 160 - 180 trillion cubic meters.
Nigeria has four (4) currently
refineries, two in port Harcourt (PHRC), and one each in Kaduna (KRPC) and warri (WRPC).

2. Coal: Is
a mineral resource in Nigeria was first discovered in 1909 at Enugu and exploration
of coal started at the ogubate mine in 1918. Research has also shown that
Nigeria coal is one of the best coal in the world because of its low sulphur
and ash content which makes it eco-friendly, Nigeria has nearly 3 billion tones
of coal reserves in 17 coal fields and only over 600 tones of the proven
reserve is present.

Composition:

·       
Primary – Carbon

·       
Secondary –  Hydrogen

- Sulfur

- Oxygen

 -
Nitrogen

3. Rock
salt: Is one of the highest in demand mineral resources in Nigeria. The
rock salt is used in the production of caustic soda, table salt, chlorine,
hydrogen peroxide and many others. It should be known that about 1.5million
tonnes of rock salt are being deposited in Nigeria.

4. Lead/zinc:
Do you know that an estimated amount of 10million tonnes of lead/zinc veins are
spread in different states of Nigeria, which is like the Abuja, Enugu, Kano,
Cross Rivers and many other states. In the east-central area of Nigeria, about
5million tonnes of lead/zinc are available.

5. Iron
ore: Are rock and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically
extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in colour from
dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The national iron ore
company was founded in 1979. 3billion tonnes of Iron ore is said to be
available in Nigeria, iron ore is present in different states in Nigeria, like
the FCT Abuja, Enugu, Kogi and the Niger state. It should also be known as a
fact that Nigerians has two (2) steel companies, although they are not
functional, one is located at Aladja in Delta state, while the other is in
Ajaokuta.

6. Gemstone:
Many do not believe that Nigeria has gemstone, but it is a fact, now you know. The
gemstones in Nigeria are regarded as one of the best in the world today, they
are found in Kaduna, Bauchi and Plateau state. Some of the gemstones which are
found are sapphire, ruby, emerald and some others.

7. Bitumen:
 In the 1900 Bitumen was discovered and
exploration started in 1905. Bitumen which is used in constructing roads for
some states like Lagos, Ogun state, Ondo state and Edo state are all imported.
The bitumen reserve which we have in Nigeria is twice the volume of the
existing crude oil in the country. It should also be known as a fact that these
large reserves have been exploited.

8. GYPSUM:
Is one of the mineral resources which we use in the production of cement,
plaster of Paris (POP), chalk and many others. One billion of gypsum deposits
are spread out in some states in Nigeria like the Delta state, Edo state,
Gombe, Kogi and some others.

9. Talc:
The only Talc plant in Nigeria is the Raw Materials Research Development
Council (RMRDC). Talc is a mineral resource in Nigeria, it is found in some
states in Nigeria like the Osun state, Kogi state, Oyo state, Niger state and
so many others. Talc deposits in Nigeria are estimated to be about 4 billion
tonnes.

10. Bentonite
and Barite: These are the main constituents of the mud which is used in
the drilling of oil wells. The Bentonite and the Barite is actually a natural
resource in Nigeria. 700 million tonnes of this mineral resource is spread in
some states like Adamawa, Borno, and Plateau state while over 7.5million tonnes
of barite have been discovered in Taraba and Bauchi state.