FACTS ABOUT MINERAL RESOURCES IN NIGERIA

   

 Nigeria is a country that is blessed with abundant
mineral resources. One of the major sources of income for the country is the
availability of natural resources like petroleum and others.

Mineral resources are mostly found in the earth
crust in such quality, quantity and form that can be considered, there are
materials of economic interest. Mineral resources in Nigeria are to be used for
the development of a country and also to boost the economy. Many of us do not
even know some of the natural/mineral resources Nigeria has. The country has
resources like the petroleum, tin, limestone, coal and many others. Below is
the list of Mineral and Natural Resources in Nigeria and the States that they
can be found

Note this list does not consist of everything that
can be found in each state just the major resources.

STATES                                 RESOURCES

ABUJA                        

–
Marble

– Clay

–
Tantalite

–
Cassiterite

– Gold (partially
investigated)

–
Lead /Zinc (Traces)

–
Dolomite

ABIA
STATE

–
Gold

– Salt

–
Limestone

–
Lead/Zinc

-Crude
Oil

ADAMAWA
STATE

–
Kaolin

–
Bentonite

–
Gypsum

–
Magnesite

AKWA
IBOM STATE

– Lead / Zinc

–
Clay

–
Limestone

–
Uranium (Traced)

–
Salt

–
Lignite (Traced)

ANAMBRA
STATE

–
Lead/Zinck

–
Clay

–
Limestone

–
Iron-Ore

–
Lignite (Partially investigated)

–
Salt

–
Glass-Sand

–
Phosphate

–
Gypsum

-Crude
Oil

BAYELSA
STATE

–
Clay

–
Limestone

–
Gypsum (partially investigated)

–
Uranium (partially investigated)

–
Manganese

–
Lignite

–
Lead/Zinc (Traces)

BAUCHI
STATE

–
Amethyst (violet)

–
Gypsum

–
Lead/Zinc (Traces)

–
Uranium (partially investigated)

BENUE
STATE

–
Lead/Zinc

–
Limestone

–
Iron-Ore

–
Coal

–
Clay

–
Marble

–
Salt

–
Barytes (traces)

–
Gemstones

–
Gypsum

BORNO
STATE

–
Diatomite

–
Clay

–
Limestone

–
Hydro-carbon (oil and gas) Partially investigated) cool

–
Gypsum

–
Kaolin

–
Bentonite

CROSS
RIVER STATE

–
Limestone

–
Uranium

–
Manganese

–
Lignite

–
Lead/Zinc

–
Salt

-Crude
Oil

DELTA
STATE

–
Marble

–
Glass Sand

–
Gypsum

–
Lignite

–
Iron-Ore

–
Kaolin

EBONYI
STATE

–
Lead

–
Gold shocked

–
Salt

EDO
STATE

–
Marble

–
Lignite

–
Clay

–
Limestone

–
Iron Ore

–
Gypsum

–
Glass-sand

–
Gold

–
Dolomite Phosphate

–
Bitumen

-Crude
Oil

EKITI
STATE

–
Kaolin

–
Feldspar

–
Tatium

–
Granite

–
Syenite

ENUGU
STATE

–
Coal

–
Limestone

–
Lead/Zinc

GOMBE
STATE

–
Gemstone

–
Gypsum

IMO
STATE

–
Lead/Zinc

–
Limestone

–
Lignite

–
Phosphate

–
Marcasite

–
Gypsum

–
Salt

-Crude
Oil

JIGAWAA
STATE

–
Butytes

KADUNA
STATE

–
Sapphire

–
Kaoline

–
Gold

–
Clay

–
Serpentinite

–
Asbestos

–
Amethyst

–
Kyanite

–
Graphite (partially investigated)

–
Selenite

–
Mica (Traces)

–
Aquamarine

–
Ruby

–
Rock Crystal

–
Topaz

–
Flopper

–
Tourmaline

–
Gemstone

–
Tentalime

KANO
STATE

–
Prrochinre

–
Cassiterite

–
Copper

–
Glass – Sand

–
Gemstone

–
Lead/Zinc

–
Tantalite

KATSINA
STATE

–
Kaolin

–
Marble

–
Salt

KEBBI
STATE

–
Gold

KOGI
STATE

–
Iron-Ore

–
Kaolin

–
Gypsum

–
Feldspar

–
Goal

–
Marble

–
Dolomite

–
Talc

–
Tantalite

KWARA
STATE

–
Gold

–
Marble

–
Iron-Ore

–
Cassiterite

–
Columbite

–
Tantalite

–
Feldspar (Traces)

–
Mica (Traces)

LAGOS
STATE

–
Glass-sand

–
Clay

–
Bitumen

–
Crude Oil

NASARAWA
STATE

–
Beryl (Emerald)

–
Aquamarine and

–
Heliodor)

–
Dolomite/Marble

–
Sapphire

–
Tourmaline

–
Quartz- Amethyst (Topaz, gamet)

–
Zircon

–
Tantalite

–
Cassiterite

–
Columbite

–
Lamanite

–
Galena

–
Iron-Ore

–
Barytes

–
Feldspar

–
Limestone

–
Mica

–
Cooking coal

–
Talc

–
Cay

–
Salt

–
Chalcopyrite

NIGER
STATE

–
Gold

–
Talc

–
Lead/Zinc

OGUN
STATE

–
Phosphate

–
Clay

–
Feldspar (traces)

–
Kaolin

–
Limestone

–
Gemstone

–
Bitumen

ONDO
STATE

–
Bitumen

–
Kaolin

–
Gemstone

–
Gypsum

–
Feldspar

–
Granite

–
Clay

–
Glass-sand

–
Dimension stones

–
Limestone

–
Coal

-Crude
Oil

OSUN
STATE

–
Gikd

–
Talc

–
Tourmaline

–
Tourmaline

–
Columbite

–
Granite

OYO
STATE

–
Kaoline

–
Marble

–
Clay

–
Sillimanite

–
Talc

–
Gold

–
Cassiterite

–
Aqua Marine

–
Dolomite

–
Gemstone

–
Tantalite

PLATEAU
STATE

–
Emerald

–
Tin

–
Marble

–
Granite

–
Tantalite/columbite

–
Lead/Zinc

–
Barytes

–
Iron-Ore

–
Kaolin

–
Belonite

–
Cassiterite

–
Pyrochlore

–
Clay

–
Coal

–
Wolfram

–
Salt

–
Bismuth

–
Fluoride

–
Molybdenite

–
Gemstone

–
Bauxite

RIVER
STATE

–
Glass-sand

–
Clay

–
Marble

–
Lignite (traces)

-Crude
Oil

SOKOTO
STATE

Kaolin

–
Gold

=
Limestone

–
Phosphate

–
Gypsum

–
silica-sand

–
Clay

–
Laterite

–
Potash

–
Flakes

–
Granite

–
Gold

–
Salt

TARABA
STATE

–
Kaolin

–
Lead/Zinc

YOBE
STATE

–
Tintomite

–
Soda Ash (partially Investigated)

ZAMFARA
STATE

–
Goal

–
Cotton

–
Gold

DATA
OF MINERAL RESOURCES IN STATE/NIGERIA.

Below are some top facts about the mineral resources
found in Nigeria.

1. Petroleum
& Gas: Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) is the Oil
Corporation through which the federal government of Nigeria regulates and
participates in the country’s petroleum industry. Petroleum and nature gas goes
hand in hand, which is the main source of the Nigerian economy is said to be
first founded in Oloibiri in Bayelsa
state, this was in the year 1959.
2.5million barrels of crude oil are produced daily while the gas reserves are 160 - 180 trillion cubic meters.
Nigeria has four (4) currently
refineries, two in port Harcourt (PHRC), and one each in Kaduna (KRPC) and warri (WRPC).

2. Coal: Is
a mineral resource in Nigeria was first discovered in 1909 at Enugu and exploration
of coal started at the ogubate mine in 1918. Research has also shown that
Nigeria coal is one of the best coal in the world because of its low sulphur
and ash content which makes it eco-friendly, Nigeria has nearly 3 billion tones
of coal reserves in 17 coal fields and only over 600 tones of the proven
reserve is present.

Composition:

·       
Primary – Carbon

·       
Secondary –  Hydrogen

- Sulfur

- Oxygen

 -
Nitrogen

3. Rock
salt: Is one of the highest in demand mineral resources in Nigeria. The
rock salt is used in the production of caustic soda, table salt, chlorine,
hydrogen peroxide and many others. It should be known that about 1.5million
tonnes of rock salt are being deposited in Nigeria.

4. Lead/zinc:
Do you know that an estimated amount of 10million tonnes of lead/zinc veins are
spread in different states of Nigeria, which is like the Abuja, Enugu, Kano,
Cross Rivers and many other states. In the east-central area of Nigeria, about
5million tonnes of lead/zinc are available.

5. Iron
ore: Are rock and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically
extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in colour from
dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The national iron ore
company was founded in 1979. 3billion tonnes of Iron ore is said to be
available in Nigeria, iron ore is present in different states in Nigeria, like
the FCT Abuja, Enugu, Kogi and the Niger state. It should also be known as a
fact that Nigerians has two (2) steel companies, although they are not
functional, one is located at Aladja in Delta state, while the other is in
Ajaokuta.

6. Gemstone:
Many do not believe that Nigeria has gemstone, but it is a fact, now you know. The
gemstones in Nigeria are regarded as one of the best in the world today, they
are found in Kaduna, Bauchi and Plateau state. Some of the gemstones which are
found are sapphire, ruby, emerald and some others.

7. Bitumen:
 In the 1900 Bitumen was discovered and
exploration started in 1905. Bitumen which is used in constructing roads for
some states like Lagos, Ogun state, Ondo state and Edo state are all imported.
The bitumen reserve which we have in Nigeria is twice the volume of the
existing crude oil in the country. It should also be known as a fact that these
large reserves have been exploited.

8. GYPSUM:
Is one of the mineral resources which we use in the production of cement,
plaster of Paris (POP), chalk and many others. One billion of gypsum deposits
are spread out in some states in Nigeria like the Delta state, Edo state,
Gombe, Kogi and some others.

9. Talc:
The only Talc plant in Nigeria is the Raw Materials Research Development
Council (RMRDC). Talc is a mineral resource in Nigeria, it is found in some
states in Nigeria like the Osun state, Kogi state, Oyo state, Niger state and
so many others. Talc deposits in Nigeria are estimated to be about 4 billion
tonnes.

10. Bentonite
and Barite: These are the main constituents of the mud which is used in
the drilling of oil wells. The Bentonite and the Barite is actually a natural
resource in Nigeria. 700 million tonnes of this mineral resource is spread in
some states like Adamawa, Borno, and Plateau state while over 7.5million tonnes
of barite have been discovered in Taraba and Bauchi state.

Beautiful Nubia - Biography

Beautiful Nubia is the performing name for Segun Akinlolu (DOB:
11 November 1968), a Nigerian-born songwriter, music composer and band leader.

Beautiful Nubia and the Roots Renaissance Band is Nigeria's
foremost contemporary folk and roots music group. Formed and fronted by
songwriter and poet Segun Akinlolu (aka Beautiful Nubia), the group's songs and
albums have achieved cult status among their loyal and growing fans spread
across the world.

Early Days

          Segun
akinlolu was Born in Ibadan in
1968, Segun started writing songs at a very young age. He drew his early
influence from the traditional culture which was prevalent in the form of oral
poetry, theatre, music and folklore. In 1997, he established EniObanke, a music
production and marketing company, under which his first album was released in
1997. All subsequent recordings have been released on this label and the
company recently commenced the first-ever folk and roots music festival in
Nigeria, the EniObanke Music Festival (EMUfest). In 1998, the artist invited
several young musicians in Lagos to form a backing band to which he gave the
name The Roots Renaissance Band. Throughout the years, Beautiful Nubia has
remained the songwriter, arranger and bandleader contributing acoustic/rhythm
guitar, lead vocals and percussion. The band is still mostly made up of the
original members.

Education

Segun Akinlolu graduated from the University of Ibadan with a
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree in 1992 and worked as a Vet Doctor
for about 8 years. He also holds a Post-Graduate Diploma from the Nigeria
Institute of Journalism.

Theme

Beautiful Nubia's songs are built on rich folkloric traditions
and native wisdom but his message is universal in thrust and theme: value life,
respect nature and learn to live in peace with others. The music speaks for the
voiceless and champions the dream of a balanced society where individuals are
truly free and equal. It preaches love and tolerance but also urges people to
stand and defend their rights when trampled upon anywhere in the world

          Reward came in
2002 with the release of the ground-breaking third album Jangbalajugbu.
It is estimated that more than 50 million Nigerians wake up each day to
"Owuro L'Ojo (How D'You Do?)", one of the hit tracks in the album. To
date, Jangbalajugbu has sold in excess of a million copies
(not including the large numbers sold in the open market by pirates). Since
then, the band has released 10 more studio albums, all of which confirm what
can be described as the Beautiful Nubia style and his stubborn refusal to be
pigeon-holed. The over 200 original songs - didactic, philosophical and deeply
moving - have cemented his reputation in Nigeria and beyond as an advocate for
employing traditional wisdom in achieving personal and community development
and social justice. It is the combination of enjoyable entertainment and
provocative thoughtfulness that has come to define Beautiful Nubia's style. The
music has garnered excellent reviews in leading African/world music
publications. It has been nominated for music awards and topped
international/world charts on community, grassroots and campus radio stations.

SECRET BEHIND THE NAME

Beautiful Nubia is not just a veterinary
doctor trained at the University of Ibadan, Oyo State, he is also a published
poet, a songwriter and a band leader.  In this interview with Edozie
Udeze, he harps on the need to grow a viable music industry that can churn out
the best songwriters in the world and lots more

What
does EniObanke music festival mean to you?

Yes, we started the music festival since three years now. It is a festival of
root and folk music from anywhere in Africa. We do not discriminate. Musicians
also come from all over Nigeria. Because we are based here in the South West,
it may seem that what we showcase is more of Yoruba folklore music. But it is
not intentional; we have to start from an area we know, an area we are equally
familiar with.

And then slowly we keep building from there. Essentially, we use the platform
to showcase authentic Nigerian folk and root music and play them in different
locations as part of the festival. Generally, we play folk-derived music like
highlife, Afrojazz, every thing music that has traditional background.

We also give opportunity for young voices, upcoming musicians to be part of it.
It is to give them their own ample opportunity to showcase what they have. Some
of these young ones can be allowed to play what we call commercial pop music.

When they do this, the media can see them, then, they can get some airtime or
later be signed on. You see, if you are an established artiste, sometimes you
forget the struggles you went through. I think it is a bit easy when you create
a platform for the younger people who are still struggling to air their own
views.

How do you get sponsorship for this show?

I have basically been using my own money to finance the shows, with support
from friends and well-wishers. My own personal friends and friends of the Art
have been of immense assistance to us. At times some of my fans would be of
help. However, the basic money has been from my company, EniObanke. You know,
it has not been easy, I won’t lie to you, because I am not a man of large
pocket. But I am also blessed with a lot of people who are ready to give their talents
to make it work.

Beyond this, what is Beautiful Nubia doing now musically?

Well, I have been playing this music now for about 15 years. I have just
released a new album. Although it is not out officially, it will soon be in the
Nigerian market. Officially it was supposed to be out on November 1. But again,
I have been busy, very busy playing all over the place, keeping the industry
alive and busy.

Our shows are not the noisy type. We do not make noise about our music, for
when we do not play around the country, we play in the universities. We also
play at private shows, social events. Our approach to this has always been very
modest. But beyond that, I have been very busy in the music circle, with a new
album that is almost out. The title of the new album is Ori Ojori. It is the
same style we have been playing over time. People have always asked me how do I
define my music? But I say it is difficult to define, yet people try to define
it. My job is to play it. But I know it derives from traditional folk music.

How do you set your themes and compose your lyrics?

There is a part I usually do. The music is basically inspirational. I can not
really explain it. If a song comes to me, I write it. Melody comes to me
naturally. Sometimes I try to fuse it together to get what I want. The part of
it that I do actively is crafting the music. I decide what goes where and I
ensure that the parts come out well. Above all, I am very good at arranging the
parts to form good folklore music. My very strong points are writing the songs
and arranging them in parts. This is what defines someone’s music – songwriting
and the arrangement of the music. It is a gift and I am a vessel for that gift.

There is no defined sector for songwriting in the industry. How can this be
corrected?

Yes, I think eventually we will get there. We do not have that for now. But
what you have just said now is very important point in the industry. We have
been saying for a long time, that we do not have infrastructure for music here
yet. We think we do, but we do not. This is one of the infrastructural pieces
we need to advance further in the industry.

In Nigeria, some of us are strong as songwriters, some as singers. But people
lump everything together. They write their own songs, they arrange and sing
them and move on. They produce and market it and do everything. This is not
proper. This is why we often do not have that point of finesse in what we
produce. This is why we are having songwriting workshop as part of this
festival. I am really teaching them how to write songs. You have to have the
gift because if you do not have it you’ll see yourself struggling to cope with
it. But if you have a gift and are a little bit confused about how to craft a
song, you can be put through.

I can teach you how to craft a song, how to know what to include to make a good
song. This workshop in a way can help us to groom a group of song writers that will
then infuse this professionalism into the sector. They can write and co-write
songs. Sometimes you don’t have to do the whole work. If you write half of a
song and get stuck, find another writer and say oh, I have this idea and then
you work together. At the end, you’ll have an art bearing two or three names
there. There is nothing wrong with that. It happens all over the world. Don’t
people coauthor a book or produce a film? I think we are evolving just the way
the country is evolving too, and so we’ll get there. Where there is a lot of
chaos, there is an opportunity for growth. There is much for us to do, to fix
the infrastructure and get them working. And that’s what I am committed to.
That is what we are to do.

Now, is there any relationship between song writing and poetry and literature?

The best songwriters anywhere in the world are poets. Songwriters are poets. I
am a published and performance poet. Many people in England know me as a
performance poet. I have performed in different parts of the world as a poet. I
do my poem from memory, I act them out and I sing them on stage. If you are
good with words, song writing becomes easier for you. Yes, again, if you do not
read very well, you cannot be a good song writer. If you read well and wide
enough you can then write well. But the problem with some of our songwriters is
that they do not read and so they are limited with words.

Where were you trained and why Beautiful Nubia?

I grew up in Ibadan and attended all my schools there. I read veterinary medicine
at the University of Ibadan. I graduated in 1992 and worked as a vet for 10
years. Then I decided to go into music full time. I know I’d be a musician in
life. Even though then I knew I’d learn a trade to fall back on. So, I went to
learn music as a profession. But as a vet, I learnt how to manage funds, which
is helping now to manage my own funds as a musician.

When I began to play music, I tried to find a name that’d suit my person. And
so I settled for Beautiful Nubia. And so I added beautiful so that when people
call me beautiful I’ll strive to be perfected. The Nubia thing has to do with
African civilisation where the people of Nubia were champions. And I love
Africa and I wanted to prove to the world that the people of Nubia gave the
world civilisation.

This was how I got to be known as Beautiful Nubia. Many years ago, the Nubia
people ruled the world, people with dark skin and so on. So, that’s the beauty
there. But my real name is Olusegun Akinlolu.

TABLET SOAP PRODUCTION:

  

You can produce bar/tablet soap by cold or hot system. For this seminar, we shall describe the cold system production which ensures good quality and durability. What is cold system? It is the process of soap production by which no heat is applied besides when the oil is sleepy (or solid form). Heat is then applied to turn it liquid form yet it is a cold system.

Materials/Equipment:

(1)            3 big containers of choice (half drum/full drum may be okay). One of the three is for mixing the components.

(2)            One big strong table with wire cutters for bar or tablet.

   (3)  Hydrometer                   

(4)     hand gloves,

  (5)   Scrapper                        

(6)     Two strong paddles

  (7)   2 Graded buckets          

(8)     One tea cup

  (9)   Mould                  

(10)   Nylon        

(11)   Thumb Tack

  (12) Jug depending on the quantity you are producing.

Components:

(1)            Palm Kernel Oil (PKO)

(2)            Caustic soda either pearls or flakes

(3)            Sodium silicate        (4)     Colourant

(5)     Perfume.

Procedure:- 

NB:- The caustic soda for soap making must be soaked overnight with water, this is called fermentation. The PKO must be in liquid form.

          After soaking caustic soda overnight, check the acidity of the solution with your hydrometer. If the solution levels with 1275 of your hydrometer, it is a normal gauge. The soap produced with this gauge will not be corrosive to hands or body. If the gauge is below the above number, then it is acidic. If it is above 1275 up to 1250 then it is watery and should need more soda pearls or flakes.

          The normal ration of PKO and soda solution is 2.1 that mean two buckets of PKO should go for one bucket of soda solution, two cups of PKO to one cup of soda solution etc.

          Haven measured out the PKO and soda solution in different containers with your small buckets of same size one for soda, one for PKO.

Pour the PKO into a bigger container where all components will be mixed together. Add hardening agent to it and turn very well.

 And sodium silicate ½ tea cup for 20 litres of PKO.

And your desired colourant which might be oil base or water base.

Perfume the mixture and stir very well with paddle.

Pour the mixture into mould already prepared with Nylon and thumbtack, allow to solidify.

The next day, remove the solid soap from mould on to your strong table that has either bar wire cutter or tablet cutter. Cut as desired and stamp. Pack in cartons for selling or usage.

JUTE LEAVES AND CURE FOR MEASLES VIRUS

 

Jute leaves are consumed in
various parts of the world. It is a popular vegetable in West Africa. The
Yoruba of Nigeria call it "ewedu". The Hausa people of Nigeria and
their Fulbe neighbours call it "rama." They use it to produce soup

("taushe") or boil the
leaves and mix it with "Kuli-kuli" or groundnut cake and consume the
mixture which they call "kwado" in Hausa. The Hausa peasant farmers
cultivate it beside their corn-stalk constructed homesteads or among

their main crops in their farms.
Jute needs a plain alluvial soil and standing water. The suitable climate for
growing jute (warm and wet) is offered by the monsoon climate, during the
monsoon season.

Nutritional values of jute leaves

Nutrients                       Boiled

Moisture (%)                  80.4 – 84.1

Food energy (cal.)                    43 - 58

Protein (g)                      4.5 –5.6

Fiber (g)                         1.7 –2.0

Total Carbohydrates
(g) 7.6 – 12.4

Ash (g)                           2.4

Calcium (mg)                 266 - 366

Phosphorus (mg)           97 - 122

Iron (mg)                        11.6

Sodium (mg)                  12

Potassium (mg)              444

Vit. A (I.U.)                   6,390

Thiamine (mg)
(Vit.B1) 15

Riboflavin (mg)
(Vit.B2) 28

Niacin (mg) (Vit.B3)      1.5

Ascorbic acid (mg)         95

Jute leaf’s medicinal values and uses

There are so many jute and allied
fibre crops varieties developed, released and used at farmers’ level for
commercial cultivation. All those varieties leaves have both vegetable and
medicinal values. Jute leaf has long been used as a remedy in many cultures.
The jute leaf contains over 17 active nutrient compounds including many
minerals, amino acids and vitamins. Today, this multi utility versatile plant
part is considered to cure Mankind’s different health problems. There are many
natural medicinal herbs, but jute leaf is granted with vast array of healing
benefits. Although, jute leaf has wide spectrum of the properties and uses.
Jute leaf contains protein, calories, fibres and as well as antitumor
promoters; Phytol and Monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol. It may reduce risk of
cancer. Therefore jute leaf has a great importance in terms of human nutrition,
health and beauty care. In future, controlled studies are required to prove the
effectiveness of jute leaf under the various conditions.

  Jute leaves
is even use as medicine against measles and is been in step

Measles is a highly contagious infection, initial
signs and symptoms typically include fever, often greater than 40^o C (104.0^o  F), cough, runny nose, and inflamed
eyes.

1. After
   uprooting or you buy it from market, make sure you buy didn’t buy the leave only,
   the leave, stem, and the root.


2. After
   that wash it with water and put it a cook, add water, and cook. Don’t add salt
   or maggi, boil with water only.


3. After
   boiling the jute leave, give the person that contact the measle to drink the
   boil jute("ewedu").  100% sure.

Importance of a Balanced Diet

      The adage in computer language "Garbage in... Garbage out" is relevant to the food we take. We get energy to do work by assimilating the good we consume. We are spending energy every second to breathe, walk, stand and even to think. The quality of food we consume, our mood and time taken, play important role in determining our health, energy levels and happiness. Therefore, look closely at different types of food and the effect they produce on us. The food we take can be divided into five categories:



(i) Biogenic foods: They contain life generating forces and are used for detoxifying the body, e.g. sprouted seeds, sprouted grains, fresh fruit and raw vegetables and juices.



(ii) Whole grains, bread, cereals, cooked vegetables etc.



(iii) Milk and milk products.



(iv) Acid forming food: Meat, sugars, starches, eggs. These foods burden the body with excessive acidity and cause irritability.



(v) Processed food: Tinned, frozen heavily processed foods, refined and concentrated foods. These have little nutrients and are considered responsible for development of disease.



The first two categories of foods -- biogenic and vegetarian food - are easy to digest and can cater to body's requirement for energy. These food items have all the nutrients needed for body's repair and renewal. The other categories of food have less nutrients and are consumed more for taste than for nutritional value. These food items leave a residue of toxic wastes in the body after digestion and become source for diseases. Therefore, restrict food items to the extent possible.



Our diet normally contains a number of biostatic and bio-acidic foods (e.g. meat, fish) and heavily processed foods (e.g. tinned/frozen, refined foods). These food items decrease our vitality, makes our body susceptible to early aging and disease. The average diet also contains excessive fat and sugar. These items contribute to the accumulation of wastes in tissues which impair cellular nutrition and encourage formation of something like sludge in the blood stream that impedes good circulation. Consequently, our body is burdened with excessive acidity, irritability and flabbiness. It is therefore, not surprising that about half of us have stomach troubles at some time or other and millions have recurrent health problems. To get relief from the problems many of us take laxatives, antacids and other drugs. Excessive dependence on drugs can do more harm than good. Therefore, be more concerned about the food you take and its effect on the body.



Meat Myth: The idea that we need meat to stay healthy is untrue. Meat, fish, poultry products have animal facts concentrated form and it is difficult to assimilate. On the other hand, a mixed diet of roots, grains, vegetables, fruits -- all in minimally processed form -- are better source of quality protein and it is easier to digest. It is better to avoid these categories of food or consume in small quantities, i.e. about half pound a week.



Too much fat dulls the brain: It has been established that when someone eats a meal with high content of fats, the fats form a film around red blood cells and encourages them to stick together or form clump. This clumping causes small capillaries to clog and as a result about 20% normal blood circulation is lost. Consequently, the oxygen available for our cells is reduced by about 30%. Too much fats in diet interfere with the clarity of mind.



Reduce coffee: Coffee contains caffeine and it is a drug. It stimulates central nervous system, pancreas, heart and cerebral cortex and that is why when you drink coffee you feel temporarily more alert. Every time you drink a coffee you are getting about 100 mg. of caffeine (ordinary tea yields 40-60 mg.). In case you drink 2-8 cups a day the dosage could be dangerous. Caffeine has been shown to affect the heart causing it to beat rapidly and irregularly. It can also increase the level of free fatty acids in your blood, stimulate secretion of excess acid in the stomach and raise blood pressure. Recent studies have shown habitual coffee drinking may lead to certain mental illness like depression and anxiety neurosis. Therefore, cut down intake of coffee.



Learning to eat sensibly is the first step towards achieving health and happiness. Consume balanced diet, eliminate causes of indigestion and cultivate healthy food habits. Then it will be easier to find happiness.



Balanced diet: To supply all the nutrients needed by the body, have a general idea of what constitutes a balanced diet.



Quantum of food consumed (percentage of food taken)



Food items



50% Carbohydrates such as rice, whole grain, bread cereals, simple sugars not to exceed 10% 30-35% Fats, e.g. eggs, butter, cheese 15-20% Protein, e.g. dairy products, meat



Further, to keep the body in good shape, we need to take 8 glasses of water and consume at least 50 gms. of fibre every day.



Causes of indigestion: It takes about five hours for digestion of food in the stomach. Eating in between meals and at frequent intervals or taking snacks etc., causes strain on digestive processes and results in indigestion.



Eating and drinking together. When liquids are drunk at the same time as food is eaten it means that digestive juices are diluted and their potency diminishes.



Eating acid fruits and starchy foods together.



Dietary guide lines:



(i) Avoid distractions during meals, i.e, reading,, T.V. viewing, arguments etc. Eat slowly. Never hurry through a meal and masticate your food as thoroughly as possible. Spend about 20-30 minutes for each meal.



(ii) Always come to a meal when you are hungry. If appetite is lacking don't try to "coax" it by means of dainty tit bits, relishes etc. Miss a meal or two or take only fruit diet, until real appetite returns.



(iii) Never eat to repletion. Always leave the table feeling that you could eat more and leave a quarter of stomach empty. Do not sit down to a meal feeling worried, over-excited, tired or in a bad temper.



(iv) Over eating is the principal cause for obesity. The overweight are prone to many complaints: disease of liver, kidneys and heart.



(v) Increase intake of fruits and vegetables: They are valuable sources of vitamins and minerals. These items contain fiber (plant cellulose), assist in keeping the intestinal tract moist and help in elimination.



(vi) Alcohol: This provides higher number of calories and few nutrients. Moderation would be helpful.



(vii) Our body requires about 45 nutrients to maintain good health. It is not possible to keep track of even a fraction of these nutrients. Therefore, eat a variety of foods. It is also a good idea to eat as much fresh foods as possible and avoid processed, tinned foods.



The old saying -- we are what we eat -- is true. Many of our health problems could be linked to the food we take; very often we hurry through our meals, triggering indigestion. Therefore, to improve your health and happiness, be little more concerned about the food you take and make wise choices everyday.

The Most Venomous Animals

Venom is a form of toxin secreted by an animal for the purpose of causing harm to another. Venomous are poisonous or injurious to all living cells and if cares is not taking it will spread through all the body.
Let take Snake { reptiles} as an example, once it bit venomous will spread through body and go straight to the heart first. It lead to death once the antidox is not using.
LIST OF VENOMOUS ANIMALS\
• Snake
• Scorpion
• RODENT
I. River rat / Nutria Or Coypus.
II. RATS.
• Lizards
E.T.c
• Snake
Snake is a limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous. Snake [reptiles] of the suborder Serpents that can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and external ears.
venom is injected by unique fangs after a bite, and some species are also able to spit. venom is highly modified saliva containing zootoxins which facilitates the immobilization and digestion of prey, and defends against threats.
Some plants that can be planted around your backyard to repel snakes naturally
1. Tulbaghia Violacea
2. West Indian Lemon Grass
3. Garlic
4. Cinnamon
And some plant attract snake, Some odur of some plant call in snake and an environment where chicken are rear, especially in dessert it attract snake and some plant too around in an environment.

• Scorpion Scorpions are predatory arachnids of the order Scorpions. They have eight legs and are easily recognized by the pair of grasping pedipalps and the narrow, segmented tail, often carried in a characteristic forward curve over the back, ending with a venomous stinger. Scorpions range in size from 9 mm / 0.3 in. to 23 cm / 9 in. Scorpion stings are painful but are usually harmless to humans.
Scorpions prefer areas where the temperatures range from 20 to 37 °C (68 to 99 °F) and it appear where dirty are store or dirty environment, clean up your area to prevent scorpions. All known scorpion species possess venom and use it primarily to kill or paralyze their prey so that it can be eaten. In general, it is fast-acting, allowing for effective prey capture. However, as a general rule, they will kill their prey with brute force if they can, as opposed to using venom.
Scorpion anatomy:
1 = Cephalothorax or Prosoma;
2 = Abdomen or Mesosoma;
3 = Tail or Metasoma;
4 = Claws or Pedipalps
5 = Legs;
6 = Mouth parts or Chelicerae;
7 = pincers or Chelae;
8 = Moveable claw or Tarsus;
9 = Fixed claw or Manus;
10 = Stinger or Aculeus;
11 = Telson (follows anus in previous joint).
• RODENT 

I. River rat / Nutria Or Coypus
Coypus is called [Asin in Yoruba language] and is no as a poisonous rat with offensive odour. Coypus live in burrows alongside stretches of water. They feed on river plant stems. Various rat poisons [Lasal fever] used to control rodents have potent effects on people if ingested.

      My name is Yusuf Rasheed. Fumigate your environment against rodent and replite this my blog site http://pestcontrolallied.blogspot.com.ng/2014/02/the-best-fumigation-equipment-for-snake.html