SIMPLE FARM TOOLS

Some tools used in the farm are: 
1. Cutlass 
2. Hoe 
3. Garden fork 
4. Hand fork 
5. Trowel 
6. Rake 
7. Shears 
8. Secateurs 
9. Sprayers 
10. Watering can 
11. Sickle 
12. Axe 
13. File 
14. Head pan 
15. Wheel barrow 
16. Spade 
17. Shovel 
18. Mattock 
19. Mallet 
20. Tapping knife 
21. Dibber 
22. Plier 
23. Spanner 
24. Screw driver

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Top Tips for Selecting Quality Agricultural Tools

            If you're in farming, then budgets are likely to be tight and you'll often be looking for economies. That's virtually "business as usual" in agriculture.



However, one area you might not want to cut spending corners in is that of your tools. There might be little point in purchasing prestige items like for example Krone hay equipment if you then put that at risk by trying to maintain it with cheap tools.



So, here are some top tips for selecting quality tools.



1. Look for recognised quality brands. If they've been around a long time and have a reputation for quality, then they're clearly doing something right. Be prepared to pay a little extra, if necessary, for that reassurance.



2. Learn a bit about metal descriptions. For example, if terms such as "HSS" or "Chrome Vanadium" don't mean much to you, you should research them and other such technical designators. That's because tool producers often use such designations to describe the quality of the metallurgy they use. Note that metal hardness isn't always necessarily the only criterion behind selection - read up on that too.



3. Be certain you understand how different tools function and which one is right for the job. Most professional farmers or farm workers will have a good understanding of this but it's still possible to see people using a totally inappropriate tool for the job. That can be dangerous and put at risk what you're working on and perhaps any warranties you might have in place. In this sense, quality means "select tools that are fit for purpose".



4. If you're buying tools with a brand name you've never heard of, research them on the internet first. Try to find out where the manufacturer is based and get objective feedback on their products. Be alert to fraudulent sponsored feedback designed to mislead. You can often spot that by repetitious phraseology used in feedback comments, such as "exceptional value tools", "truly exceptional quality items" and "an excellent product" all used by supposedly different purchasers in quick succession.



Look out also for feedback that is overly gushing (using lots of superlatives) and that which is left in a language that's clearly not the native language of the supposed customer concerned. Finally, most legitimate positive feedback is usually terse, such as "good buy and I'm very pleased". Be suspicious about lots of positive feedback that goes into unnecessary detail - it might suggest the reviewer is being paid by the word and is working too hard to prove their worth.



5. Purchase tools that offer a money-back guarantee. Use a credit card or other payment mechanism that offers you a degree of protection should you demand your money back. That means avoiding cash or cash transfer payment mechanisms.



6. Be very cautious with offers that look too good to be true. Some producers do offer loss-leaders when they're getting started and that can lead to real bargains but it can also signify that a manufacturer is cutting corners big time on quality.



Good luck with your purchase!

Bed Bug Treatment: Two Ways to Kill Bed Bugs

             Bed bugs are known as one of the most hated household pests. They can cause much discomfort including insomnia, psychological problems and allergic reactions.



Their cryptic habits and ability to hide in cracks and crevices make it extremely difficult to kill them. No single treatment can kill bed bugs. You need a range of treatments to kill bed bugs two of which are cold treatment and fumigation.



The insect cannot withstand extreme temperatures. Studies have shown that the pest die within 30 minutes of being exposed to temperature at -17°C (1.4°F) - the freezing point for the insect.



There are 3 freezing techniques: cold freezer, a naturally cold environment and frozen CO2. In each case, the temperature must be at least -17°C. If your home freezer can reach this temperature it is a good way to kill bed bugs on fabric sensitive to extreme heat.



Wrap the object into a sheet, towel or other types of absorbent material that collects condensation. Place the wrapped object into a plastic bag, extract the air from the bag and seal it tightly.



Place the object into the freezer for at least 2 weeks. Avoid defrosting freezers because they are very dry and don't maintain steady temperature in their cycle. Do not freeze objects made of layers of paintings, lacquer ware, ivory or photograph. Objects consisting of one material such as wool or wood are ideal.



Cryonite



Cryonite is the main CO2 product in the market designed to kill bed bugs. Cryonite freezes the fluid in the insect's cells and cause instant death. The cells crystallise when the insect cools to -20 °C to -30 °C. The snow is -78.8°C (110°F). CO2 snow evaporates and becomes CO2 gas when it hits surfaces at normal temperature.



Cryonite is available to rent or purchase. You don't need a license to operate it.



Benefits



a. It freezes the pests in hard-to-reach areas such as cracks and crevices.



b. It kills bed bugs quickly.



c. It kills the insect at all stages in the life cycle.



d. It leaves no messy residues and it requires no drying time.



e. It can be used on any surface. The cold does not penetrate the material.



f. CO2 in Cryonite is non-toxic.



g. It flushes the insects from the harbourage and makes them easy target for the vacuum's nozzle.



h. Infested items that cannot handle extreme heat and is not sensitive to moisture are perfect to treat with Cryonite.



i. Deep freezing is a quick DIY treatment.



j. Freezing with Cryonite takes a short time to kill bed bugs.



Drawbacks



a. Freezing has no residual effect.



b. The pests can re-infest.



Health and safety issues



Read the instructions carefully before using the Cryonite unit. Be very careful with the snow. It can reach temperature of -110�F. This can burn the skin.



Fumigation



In extremely severe infestation, fumigation is the best bed bug treatment. This bed bug treatment kills the pests at all stages in the life cycle. Fumigation gases remains in the air and are easily spread over a wide area.



Ethylene oxide (ETO), a gaseous fumigant used in libraries in the 1980s, cause serious health problems to workers. Studies have shown that ETO can alter the physical and chemical properties of paper, parchment and leather.



Residual ETO remains in untreated material that causes off-gassing toxins. Lethal fumigants include methyl bromide, sulphur dioxide, propylene oxide, sulfuryl flouride and aluminum phosphide. Asphyxiants such as carbon dioxide and liquid nitrogen are classified as fumigants.



There is heavy reliance on fumigation treatment, especially in severe infestation since the insects are developing resistance to household pesticides.



Benefits



a. Kills bed bugs at all stages in the life cycle.



b. Can be applied to the whole room.



c. It is the ideal treatment for severe infestation.



Drawbacks



a. It has no residual effect.



b. It is the most toxic of all pesticides.



c. The pests can re-infest after the treatment subsides.



This treatment is very expensive and you need to hire special equipment to fumigate a whole room. However, when the treatment is done properly it is guaranteed that all the insects in the infested area will die.

Characteristics of a Snake

                  A snake has been on the earth for over 130 million years. Without limbs, it can climb, swim and sometimes fly. Some have a deadly bite that can kill a human. In religion, it was the animal that tempted Adam and Eve.



Of the 2700 known species, each share three common traits. It has a thin, linear limbless body, eats meat and is cold blooded. Its organs are linear in its body with the brain and sensory organs in the head. It has an inner ear which detects sound from sound waves hitting its skin. It cannot detect colors but can see images. Some have pit organs that can detect heat sources used for night hunting warm bloodied animals. It does not have a sense of taste but can smell odors. When it flicks its tongue, it gathers in air particles to assist in sensing odors.



It reaches lengths from 4 inches to 30 feet with hundreds of vertebrae making it very flexible. Its skin is elastic covered with scales. It will shed its skin many times during its lifetime. It reaches maturity from 1 to 9 years and can live from 4 years to over 25 years.



It moves using ventral scales on its underside which grip the ground and move it forward. It has four basic movements. Serpentine used by most snakes on land and water where it contracts its muscles into side by side curves and using its scales to propel forward. Sidewinding, a variation of the serpentine where it uses only two ground contact points. Caterpillar where the curves are up and down and above the ground. Concertina used for climbing, where the ventral scales grip the surface and it springs forward to regrip the surface.



It has an expandable jaw and can swallow prey larger than itself whole. It drenches its prey with saliva and crushes it with its muscles. Some snakes inject its prey with venom using its fangs to subdue it.



The venomous types which account for 20% of all snakes have 2 hollowed front teeth called fangs to allowed the poison to pass through. The venom contains one of three toxins. Neurotoxin which seizes the nerves centers and stops breathing. Cardiotoxin which attack the heart causing it to stop. Hemotoxin which causes blood vessels to rupture. Other snakes squeeze its prey by applying pressure of up to 12 pounds per square inch causing the lungs and heart to stop working.



It has been found in mythology and popular culture. It has been featured in books and movies. "Snakes on a Plane" and "Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark" have depicted it as an animal to fear. It also has been used as symbol of evil societies. In gardening and agriculture, it plays an important role in controlling insects.

The Advantages of Snake Repellers

            They will lay eggs, steal your food, harm your animals, shed and pass other kinds of waste that you will have to cleanup. These are not paying tenants and even if they were they would still be a nuisance. These pests are very dangerous and some species can kill you or your animals. They devalue property and threaten the sustainability of farm life. They are a danger to children and represent the core of many nightmares. These are snakes and the best way to get rid of them is with a snake repeller.



You need not worry about harming the creature or the environment for that matter as snake repellers do come in humane and environmentally friendly types. There are also fences, chemicals and electronic devices that are used to keep snakes away or to get them off property. One can see the obvious benefit to using a snake repeller but there are many underlying advantages to snake repellers as follows:



Keeps the snakes safe



Snake repellers removes snakes form areas where they are not wanted or prohibits them from entering. This is as great a benefit to the snake as it is to the user of the snake repeller. The snake can go on to nest and find food in a habitat that is more suitable for the sustainability of its life. If snakes enter a property and are not wanted it is very likely that they would be killed. Redirecting snakes away from homes, farms and other areas that are not suitable for them gives them the opportunity to have longer lives and nest in an area more appropriate to their sustainability.



Reduce the loss in animals or produce



It is true that some snakes are deadly and some eat in large quantities. This can result in the loss in income from produce if you own a farm. Snakes attack when they feel threatened as do many other animals. The farm animal in reaction to the presence of a snake may react either in fear or attacking and fall to the poisonous bite of the snake. Imagine if there are several snakes nesting on your property how difficult it would be to have sustainable livestock. You must also bear in mind that snakes do also eat and the vegetation on a farm not only provides great nesting and hiding places but also an advantageous access to food for snakes who eat rodents and other small creatures that find homes in the cover of the bushes. These snakes will also eat eggs and the bigger they are the larger the animal that they can consume.



Helps you to rest easily



With snake repellers in place you can rest easily that you will not be waking up beside a snake. You will no longer have to be concerned about snakes coming onto your property and disturbing your daily lives. Your pets and children will be safe to play in the yard and you won't have to worry about cleaning up droppings or other resonance of the presence of a snake on your property. All the stress of worrying about the activities that may take place if a snake was to come on your property or sleepless nights laying watch for the snake that was sighted earlier in the day will go away. Your snake repeller would have done the job of getting rid of that snake nuisance and you would have moved on to focusing on more relaxing daily activities.



It is key to note the effectiveness of the repeller that you choose by looking at reviews, details of use and how it applies its effectiveness in your area. Snake repellers like many other items work when they are used properly. And where replenishing is required, you have to be on top of that to ensure the effectiveness of your snake repeller.

BENEFIT OF LIFE WITHOUT OR WITH TECHNOLOGY

           Technology
has help and makes all things easy, and there is always opposite effect on it.
We are now in artifices intelligence, we life our life easily without no make
power as before. Here are ways that technology has improved the way we live our
lives today and past future.

Communication

 Before the invented of internet; to text or
communicate with friends and family who live far away from us is not easy as
now, then they make use of POST OFFICE and to deliver the message it takes much
time to communicate.  Now days the
society we live now is centered on smart phones, computers, tablets.

Social media, texting, and long-distance phone calls
have allowed us to contact with others from however far away we are from each
other. It take less than a second to communicate with far or nearby relative
through phones, facebook, whatsapp, Google, Gmail, instagram, twitter, yahoo,
etc. in case of emergency or not.

Clock
& calendar

          Before
the invented of clock then, there is a way we check the time and calendar in
Nigeria here, because have not been to other country different from my country.
Then we make use of the moon as calendar, and sun as time, some know what time
say at the wall. Clock and calendar has make things easily.

Cooking
Light

Before the invented of
matches and lighter then, there is a way we light our traditional stove, then
we clashed two stone with dry palm tree bark to light our traditional stove to
cook, but now a days “hot plate, stove,
gas cooker has make it easy to cook”.

Medical
Advancements

         The herb and corconture
is what we make use off and then we lost some people with minor injury and
sickness because there is no way we can know the type of sickness. Technology
in hospitals and medical facilities, patients receive much better care.
Dentists, surgeons, and others in the medical field can make your treatment a
lot easier and more effective. But the past future treatment is still more
effective and it will be more effective if we can make use of the both.

Student
or Learning Life

          Before
the invented of internet, there is nothing like Google, pdf, even note book,
biro, pencil. Ever since the 1990’s, when the internet was invented, we no
longer need encyclopedias or dictionaries to look up information. We make use
of internet through smart phone, computer, and tablet with Google and other
app. Available.  

THE MIND & MINDSET

       The mind is the engine
room of thoughts outspoken words and actions. The mind is the womb where every
released function is channeled to, and processed thereby giving birth to
actions and reaction. Just like the process of conception, thousand of
functions is sent but only the pressing and seemed irrelevant and most
important outrun all the others. The mind nurses the function (ideas,
suggestion, thinking, inspiration etc.)And deliver it in outspoken words,
actions and reaction.

Mindset is a fixed
mental attitude or disposition that predetermines a person’s response to
situation and also interpretation of situation. The mindset is a
habitual/characteristic mental attitude that determines a person’s response to
happening around him/her.

The mindset is the
product of the mind and it is the collection 
of thoughts ideas and beliefs that sharpens your thought habit and your
thought habit  affects and influence how
you think, feel, imagine, react, and since the mindset sharpens and constructs our
thought habit out, outward attitude is influenced.  This chained linked factor can be illustrated
with the diagram below:

                 

What you feel awakens the
thinking engine in you, and as thinking takes it’s due course/place, this
picture of the thoughts is portrayed which in other word is the act of
imagination and imagination result to the output of every feeling(reaction).

Every other area of the
chain is inactive without the mind, and the mind must be carefully nurtured and
guilder because as no man is greater
than his mind and mindset. And as quoted by great philosophers that ‘greatness
and failure starts from the mind’.
That is every defeat or victory from the mind will definitely manifest so
start brooding and nurturing your mind with positivity.