Eliminating Non-Native Or Exotic Weed Trees Using Herbicides in an Ecologically Safe Way

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In private woodlands, public parks and forests, or virtually any wooded area in this country, we face a problem: weed trees - often non-native or exotic species - that invade and often dominate desirable native species. Weed trees like these are an ecological threat and need to be removed.



I have used the following technique for over a decade and it has worked really well. I use herbicides in this technique. At first, I was reluctant to use an herbicide but have found that it's the only way to go if you have a substantial number of trees to remove.



Tools





loppers or hand saw

 herbicide applicator - hand held

 machete or hatchet





The technique I describe here - I call it the "tall stump treatment method," I have mostly used on buckthorn in a northern climate (Minnesota). However, I believe the technique should work on many other invasive trees. The technique works best for trees of about 1 inch or greater in diameter. These larger trees are the first ones you should get rid of because they will bear fruit and shade out native competition.



Timing - When to begin I find it best to treat trees with chemical in late fall or, better yet, winter. It is easier to see and maneuver without all the foliage. More importantly, it is more effective. If you treat a tree in the spring when the sap is flowing, the chemical will be transported to the leaves. The leaves may die, but the tree survives. In late fall and winter, nutrients are being transported down to the roots. This is where you want the chemical transported too for effective die off.



Stage 1 - Cutting the Tops This first stage can be done at any time of year because it doesn't involve treatment with chemical. For this first stage, all you need is a pair of loppers or a saw (depending on the size of the trees). I dive into the thicket (wear safety glasses because branches can poke your eyes) and cut each tree about waist height. If there are other branches below the main cut, I cut those off too. This leaves a barren trunk about 2 to 3 feet high. I repeat this cutting technique with all the trees in the area that I plan to treat in this batch.



Next, I haul out all of the cut tops of the trees to a burn pile, chipping area, or other storage area. With tree tops that have berries or seeds, move them carefully to minimize the number of berries that fall to the ground.



This leaves an area of tall stumps. You can leave the tall stumps for several months before applying herbicide. The longer you wait, the more re-growth you will have. However, most of the growth will occur just below the cut (as opposed to at the base of the tree), so it shouldn't be too problematic.



Stage 2 - Treating the tall stumps For this stage I bring an herbicide spray applicator and a machete or hatchet for notching the bark of the tree. The spray applicator can be relatively compact - similar to the spray bottles used for spray cleaners. For an herbicide, I use glyphosate (common trade name: RoundUp). Try to buy it in high concentration - preferably 40%. You don't need much herbicide with the technique described here. Make sure you follow the label for the herbicide.



Since the cut tree tops have been removed from the area, I can move around the trees relatively easily. I cut notches (or frills) around the base of the stump and squirt chemical into the notches after making the cut. DON'T WAIT MORE THAN A FEW MINUTES if possible to apply the herbicide after making the cut. Otherwise, the tree's defense mechanisms will seal off the wound and prevent absorption of the herbicide.



Cut the notches or frills as near to the base of the tree as possible. This ensures that more herbicide will be transported into the roots. Many of the demonstrations on the world wide web of the "frill method" (aka "hack and squirt") show the frill or line of cuts up the trunk some distance from the base. When I have done this, I find the tree has a greater chance of re-sprouting below the frill, presumably because not all the herbicide was transported to the roots.



When making cuts at the base of the tree, however, be careful not to get dirt into the notches or on your tools. Soil and dust neutralize glyphosate. (In general be very careful if you are applying glyphosate. Do not to get dirt on the cutting tools or applicator nozzle.)



If possible, leave the strips of bark from the notches attached to the tree. These attached strips have exposed inner bark that absorb chemical exceptionally well. With this application of herbicide the tree should die within a couple weeks even in the winter.



Stage 3 - Cutting the stumps to the ground For appearance's sake, you may wish to go back to the area a few weeks later to cut the stumps to the ground level. Since the tree should have died, you can cut them at any level. If you do make a cut to the stump and notice living tree tissue, you can re-apply herbicide at this time. Alternatively, you can simply leave the tall stumps standing and then break them off after they rot.



Advantages of the Tall Stump Treatment Technique Although I like to avoid using herbicides (i.e., pesticides) to eradicate exotic species of trees, I believe you have to if you have a job of any size. I also far prefer the tall stump application method outlined here to foliar, basal bark, or soil treatment methods. I don't really consider those to be options because of concerns about environmental effects, the quantity of herbicide needed, and efficacy.



There are also number of advantages to the tall stump technique over the traditional cut-stump application, frill, or drilling methods:





By breaking the task up in stages, you have fewer tools to carry and keep track of. This means you can work faster and not lose track of tools.

 You can remove the tree tops from the treatment area without hurrying (unlike with the traditional cut-stump method where the stump faces have to be treated immediately after cutting).

 You can wait a long time - up to several months - between the initial cutting creating the tall stumps and the herbicide treatment.

 If there's snow on the ground, it's easier to find the tall stumps for treatment.

 The amount of exposed cambium is greater with this method than with the traditional cut stump treatment method. More pesticide can be held on the strips of bark and in the notch and you can more effectively destroy the weed tree.

 If you forget to treat one of the tall stumps or if a treatment fails for some reason, the branches will re-grow just below the cut but well above ground level. You can generally make another, single cut just below this re-growth. On the other hand, if you leave an untreated stump cut at ground level, the stump will re-sprout forming a bush, and you will have to cut all the branches and treat each one.

 With the cut stump method, if you treat the stump face, it's hard to know which stumps have been treated unless you use a dye. However, some dyes reduce the efficacy of glyphosate.

 I find it easier to walk in an area with the higher stumps. I trip too easily on short stumps, especially if there's snow on the ground or high grass.





That's my treatment technique. If you have looked around the web, you know that nearly everyone who has worked a lot in removing invasive or exotic trees has different techniques. Learn something from the all.



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Santa Claus, History of Christmas, and Holiday Party Invitations

Christmas Celebrations, Santa Claus, and Invitations for Parties Around the World



For centuries, Santa Claus stories have been told in all parts of the world. It is believed that the story of Santa Claus originated when a man named St. Nicholas went around giving candy and small toys to children Christmas Eve. The children would leave their shoes out on their front porch, and in the morning they would find toys and candy in their shoes. In the United States, this spirit is better known as Santa Claus, but in other countries Santa Claus has many different names associated with the stories told in each country.



Origination of Holiday Christmas Greeting Cards



It is believed that the sending of Christmas greeting cards and party invitations for Christmas celebrations was started in Britain when the first Penny Post public postal deliveries began during the 1840s. The Penny Post was the new public postal service and was the 19th century's communication revolution, very similar to the mail service of today. As printing methods improved, during the 1860s, Christmas holiday greeting cards and invitations were produced in large numbers. Their explosive growth in popularity continued since one of the cards could be sent in an unsealed envelope for half a penny, which, back then, was half the price of an ordinary letter.



Explosive Growth of Party Invites for Christmas Season Celebrations



With the approaching Christmas season, there are always lots of parties and celebrations for families, friends, and acquaintances to share the holiday joy and happiness. The typical Christmas party, with food, drinks, and presents, are the usual standard. However, there are lots of other types of Christmas parties to help you distinguish your celebration gathering from others. In preparation, you should prepare your party guest list to know how many personalized Christmas invitation cards you will need. And, after arriving at a number, you will want to always buy a few extra invites for last minute additions. Your custom invite cards should be mailed within four to six weeks from the date of your event since your invited guests will probably be busy with their own holiday chores and will appreciate some advance notice.



Etiquette for Christmas Holiday Invitations and Greeting Cards



There are some leading Christmas holiday stationery websites that offer printed and custom party invitation card designs and themes along with lots of photo adding options. With all the pressures and time restraints of the holidays, these stationary websites make the purchasing of just the right invitations one less worry. Here are a few ideas and suggestions for Christmas holiday invitation etiquette that might just prevent you from committing a Christmas party 'no no' you didn't even know existed:





Mail all of you party invites at the same time so that nobody feels like they were invited as an afterthought or a replacement for another guest who couldn't make it.



Your invite wording should indicate if it is acceptable to bring a date or the party if kids friendly, (kids welcome).



Always include some type of RSVP, response card, or regrets card so that you will have an accurate count of guests who will be attending.



Add the dress code to your invitations, i.e. 'causal' or 'fancy affair' and if dinner will be served.





Selecting Days and Dates for Holiday Celebrations for Christmas



Since the most popular days and dates for a Christmas holiday party are Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday before Christmas Eve, you might consider avoid having your party on Christmas Eve or Christmas day since most people will be with their families on those days.

Top 10 Essential Features for Choosing Home Cleaning Services

Cleaning your home can be a big mess. After all, you have countless other things that need attention. Most contemporary homeowners like to rely on home cleaning services for regular requirements, and clearly, there's no dearth of options. However, the service industry has a lot of scam services, and you need to be careful. We have ten tips listed below on finding the best home cleaning service in your city.



1. Start with referrals. You can ask for feedbacks from your friends and neighbors if they know of any good services. Recommendations are always useful, especially if you are new in the city.



2. Check online. Most of these companies have their websites, so you can easily find a few online. There are also business listings that are quite handy.



3. Find a licensed service. Regardless of the services, a company must be licensed to take up such jobs. Make sure the company is registered and has the papers in place.



4. Insurance is necessary. When it comes to home cleaning services, you need to be assured that the company has insurance. In a case of any damages to your belongings, you would want to get compensation.



5. Ask for client references. If a company has great things to claim about their services, they must have enough customers in the city, and they will never hesitate in sharing a few references for verification.



6. Check the cleaning options. Does the company offer biweekly, weekly and monthly cleaning services? Ideally, such services should be very flexible and must accommodate the needs of the customers.



7. What are the typical charges? Now, this is an important question. You might want to pay a fortune for cleaning every room, and you don't want to get poor services either. The prices should justify the work.



8. What's included? Will the cleaner's clean cobwebs? What are the kinds of tasks performed at a cost? What are the exclusions? These are just some of the questions you need to ask. Also, make sure to find a service provider that offers the cleaning supplies.



9. Do they have a service agreement? A good company should have a service agreement with all the relevant terms and conditions.



10. Do they have bonded cleaners? The maids and cleaners of the service should be their regular staff and not day laborers. The cleaners should be insured, as well, so those workplace mishaps don't increase your bills.



Check online now to find a few services in your area!

Is Santa Claus Real?

Is Santa Claus Real?  This is a question that is on most children's lips at some point in their childhood. What will you tell your child what they ask if Santa Claus is real?



Of course Santa was a real person. He was St Nicholas, the patron saint of giving. St Nicholas was born in 300 AD. He was a holy man, being brought up in a monastery after being orphaned at an early age. He remained within the monastery and rose to the position of bishop.



He obtained his reputation for giving because there are many tales of him giving gifts to the poor and needy and in particular children.



Over the years the European community have embraced to concept of St Nick and customised it to make it their own. Because of this Santa's appearance sometimes changes, his cloak may be described as different colours but his 'Giving' nature remains the same.



It is sometimes considered that Christmas festivities which do not include the nativity misconstrued the meaning of Christmas. However, St Nicholas was a religious man and lived his life according to the holy scriptures of the time and it's because of this that Santa and the Nativity hold parallels.



The birth of Jesus Christ itself depicts God giving mankind his only son, and the prospect of the gift of eternal life. Additionally the three wise men also came bearing gifts for the baby Jesus.



Although St Nicholas lived many years ago, he still lives on. He lives because he is a major part of Christmas and we all keep Santa alive, and he lives in us every year that we give one another a gift at Christmas time. So when your child asks you if Santa Claus is real, say - Yes.

Four Benefits Of Home Care Services

Receiving care in the home environment is an understandably attractive proposition for many when they get to a point where they can no longer look after themselves without assistance. Home care services are also seen as a more cost effective option. Residential care homes can be quite a costly option - on average they can cost upwards of �30,000 on an annual basis. And for people without vast personal savings or saleable assets, it's a massive amount of money. It's still a large amount of cash in normal circumstances.



In short, home care services can provide a great number of benefits - and not just for the recipients of care either. Of course, the main purpose, as with all forms of care, is to receive a good quality level of care during a difficult time. We've taken and detailed four of the main benefits that home care services can provide patients:



No Stressful Moves:



Being faced with a completely new environment is tough; when suffering from an illness it's made considerably more difficult. The upheaval of moving into a residential care home can prove to be stressful for someone receiving care. It's not always necessary either. Home care enable patients to remain in a place they know - their own home. It also allows them to be surrounded by their possessions and memories - which can prove to be comforting during a difficult time. There may come a time when a residential care facility, with its specialist care equipment is an absolute necessity. But during the early days, it's well worth looking into home care services.



Remain Close To Friends and Family:



When suffering from an illness or life-limiting condition, a visit from friends and family can mean an awful lot. Seeing these familiar faces on a regular basis can provide a great boost to someone when they're ill. These services enable them to continue visiting on a regular basis - at any time of the day. Residential care homes, on the other hand, have set visiting hours, meaning that arranging an on-the-fly visit just isn't possible.



Build Up Camaraderie:



Yes, the providers of home care services are primarily there to administer care, but they'll also look to create a bond and build up a rapport with the person they're caring for. For people who've been left housebound by their illness, this factor could have a positive impact, providing them with someone to talk to on a human level - as opposed to an endless slew of medical jargon.



Freedom Of Choice:



With home care services there are a variety of different types available. For example, live in care services are tailored for those with more severe care needs. Under these circumstances, the carer might move into the patient's home to administer care.



Meanwhile, hourly services are aimed at those who require some additional help, rather than round-the-clock care. Different home care agencies offer different packages. Therefore, it's worth carrying out some research into the variety of home care services on offer.

Poultry Farmer Millionaire's Biggest Secret Exposed!

Become the Next Poultry Farmer Millionaire

In this article I will show you how you can increase your current egg production and triple your current revenue! I will show you how to be a professional and successful poultry farmer!



Did you know there are thousands of successful millionaire poultry farmers out there? And I will reveal one of the biggest secret of success that will drastically triple your current egg revenue.



One of the biggest secret that every poultry farmer should know is that chicken needs love, protection and comfort, just like human beings. And in order to provide these 3 keys of success you need a chicken coop!



Chicken coops are the biggest secret of poultry farmer millionaires! This is why brand new quality chicken coops cost on average one thousand dollars.



Why are chicken coops so effective? This is a very good question and the reason why they are super effective is because they provide:



Protection: they create a huge and powerful barrier from the outside world. This means that it will make the lives of ferocious chicken predators a lot harder to kill and eat your beloved birds. Quality chicken coops provide spiky metal wire fencing that will warm and harm ferocious predators to will trespass your property.



Comfort: most hen houses are made from wood with luxurious and comfortable interior. For instance you can make fluffy beds for every bird and have zones for water and food. Make the house like a home for your beloved chickens.



Love: all of these can be translated in to one word: love. And this love of protection and comfort will make the chickens to produce 3 times for eggs then they would if they were living outside of a coop. This comes natural to them and why it wouldn't? They got the perfect environment to raise their kids (eggs). And this is the perfect opportunity for you as a professional poultry farmer to increase your revenue!



As I said quality chicken coops costs thousands of dollars, however you can also drastically reduce the costs by simply doing some DIY work. This is the ultimate secret of professional poultry farming and every single poultry farmer millionaire uses this tactic.



To build a quality chicken coop from scratch only takes few hours and it only takes some cutting, hammering and painting. All you need is a good set of chicken coon DIY plans; these plans will guide you step by step in the entire process of building a highly effective chicken house. By simply following these easy to read DIY guides you will be able to build a quality chicken coop in no time.

Poultry Raising - How To Start Your Own Chicken Farm

       Raising chickens can give you a lot f benefits. If you start growing your own fowl in your backyard, you will be guaranteed to have fresh poultry products. Aside from having fresh chicken eggs, these animals are also great in controlling pest and weeds. These are the reasons why many chose to raise chicken. If you want to raise chicken, you need to know how to choose and how to take care of them the right way.

Choosing the right chicks to breed in your backyard is the first step. You can buy your chicks in a local store or you can also opt to incubate some fertilized eggs. When you already have your chicks, you need to keep them warm for the first week of their lives with a temperature approximately 95 degrees Fahrenheit. If you do not have the brooder, you can warm them by having a small light bulb. Water is very important for the newly hatched chicken and it should be available all the time. A chick starter feed is what you should give them to make them healthier.



For their bedding, the best bedding for them is wire because it is easier to clean and it is not slippery. As the chickens grow, you need to have a convenient place where they will be protected from extreme weather conditions. The place should also be clean and the number of chicks inside should be just enough for them to be able to move.



If your chickens are mature enough to lay eggs, you should make special room for them to lay and hatch their eggs. Hens will produce eggs for 21 days. They are protected by their nest and will make unusual sounds, and even peck, just to make its nest free from danger.



If you want your chicken to roam around your garden to peck some weeds and eat insects, you have to control their access to your garden for them not to gobble on your plants and flowers. Just simply provide the best venue for your poultry so that all your breeds will have the place where they can roam around. More so, to prevent them from destroying your garden, it is highly advisable to place a boundary or a fence that will limit them.



Raising some chickens in your backyard will give you a hobby like nobody else can. This is not just a recreational activity that you do during your spare time; you can also make this a profitable business and healthy sources of foods for you and your family.